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The White House has said the virtual meeting of the countries known as the Quad would show the importance Biden has placed on the Indo-Pacific region and focus on ways to fight the coronavirus, and cooperate on economic growth and the climate crisis.
India and Australia have emphasized the importance of regional security cooperation, which has been boosted by previous lower-level meetings of the four countries.
“I do believe that there will be an honest, open discussion about China’s role on the global stage,” one senior U.S. official told reporters on the eve of the meeting, referencing “challenges in the region” to free and open trade and commerce.
The Biden administration has said the Quad nations would announce financing agreements to support an increase in manufacturing capacity for coronavirus vaccines in India, something New Delhi has urged to counter China’s widening vaccine diplomacy.
U.S. officials say the countries will also set up a group of experts to help distribute vaccines in the region, as well as working groups for cooperation on climate change, technology standards, and joint development of emerging technologies.
The United States wants to strengthen ties with allies and partners as China adopts an increasingly assertive foreign policy in Asia and beyond. Washington says the additional vaccine capacity will be used in vaccination efforts in Southeast Asia, where Beijing is competing for influence.
The virtual meeting between Biden, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison, Indian Prime Minster Narendra Modi and Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga will aim to lay the groundwork for an in-person meeting later this year, the administration said.
Among the issues to be addressed are supply chains exposed as heavily reliant on China during the pandemic.
Japan’s Nikkei newspaper reported on Thursday that the four countries would work together to secure rare earth metals essential to the production of electric car motors and other products.
The administration told Reuters on Tuesday the United States and Japan would help fund Indian firms manufacturing vaccines for U.S. drugmakers Novavax Inc and J&J.
However, Indian government sources said U.S. curbs on exports of critical materials could hamper that effort and those to start large-scale distribution to Southeast Asia.
A second senior administration official told reporters on Thursday that the United States’ focus was foremost on getting vaccines to Americans.
“We will not be talking about sharing vaccines right now,” she said.
India, Australia and Japan have all faced security challenges from China, strengthening their interest in the four-nation alliance. Cooperation among them dates back to their joint response to the Indian Ocean earthquake and Tsunami in 2004.
The Quad was revived under the Trump administration, which saw it as a vehicle to push back against China’s spreading influence. The United States hosted a foreign ministers’ meeting in 2019, that was followed by another in Japan last year and a virtual session in February.
Friday’s meeting coincides with a major U.S. diplomatic drive to solidify alliances in Asia and Europe to counter China.
On Sunday, Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin will head to Japan and South Korea for the first meetings between senior officials of the Biden administration and U.S. allies – underscoring the critical importance Washington places on Asia and the China challenge.
Biden’s national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, will join Blinken in Alaska next week for a meeting with China’s top diplomat, Yang Jiechi, and State Councillor Wang Yi, the first high-level in-person contact between the two sparring countries under the Biden administration.
U.S. officials have said they see the meeting with their Chinese counterparts as a “one-off session”, with future senior-level engagements based on Washington seeing tangible outcomes to address its grievances with Beijing.
Washington has said it will not hold back in its criticism of Beijing over issues ranging from Taiwan to Hong Kong and the genocide it says China is committing against minority Muslims.
Biden’s administration has committed to reviewing elements of policies toward China, in consultation with allies, as the world’s two largest economies navigate frosty relations that sank to their lowest depths in decades during Donald Trump’s presidency.
Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping held their first phone call as leaders last month and appeared at odds on most issues, even as Xi warned that confrontation would be a “disaster” for both nations.
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